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Sources for the Planetary Modeling Atlas v15mk2.30

Every dataset, paper and tool behind the atlas, 135 entries in all, and what each one feeds. Built from the atlas’s own data files, so it lists exactly what the atlas uses.

Generated with AI. Built with Claude from the published sources listed here. Not independently reviewed, so check any number you rely on against the original source.

Planet positions, orbits and rotation

The Solar System map and the globes’ spin.

  1. Standish, E.M. Keplerian elements for approximate positions of the major planets (Tables 1 and 2, with the extra terms for Jupiter to Neptune). JPL Solar System Dynamics. ssd.jpl.nasa.govPlanet positions from 3000 BC to AD 3000; Table 1 for 1800–2050, Table 2 outside it.
  2. JPL Small-Body Database: osculating elements for Pluto, Ceres and Vesta. ssd.jpl.nasa.govSingle-epoch orbits for the dwarf planets and Vesta.
  3. Archinal, B.A. et al. (2018). Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 130, 22; via NASA NAIF pck00011.tpc. naif.jpl.nasa.govEach world’s pole direction, rotation rate and prime meridian.
  4. Moon orbits: mean distances and periods as compiled from JPL Solar System Dynamics planetary satellite mean elements. ssd.jpl.nasa.govMoon orbits are drawn as circles at their true sizes; positions along the orbit are illustrative.
  5. Asteroid belt and Trojans: a statistical sample (6,000 bodies) drawn on this page from the observed spread of semi-major axis, eccentricity and inclination, with the Kirkwood gaps at Jupiter’s 3:1, 5:2, 7:3 and 2:1 resonances.Shows where asteroids are, not where any catalogued asteroid is.

Live Earth data

The satellites, flights and live clouds on the Earth globe.

  1. NASA GIBS (Global Imagery Browse Services): GOES-East and GOES-West ABI (NOAA) and Himawari AHI (JMA) Band 13 clean infrared, near real time. earthdata.nasa.govLive clouds over the Americas, the Pacific and East Asia: the infrared pictures every 10 minutes, loaded in the browser and blended into one cloud map.
  2. © EUMETSAT: Meteosat SEVIRI IR10.8 images, 0° and Indian Ocean (msg_fes:ir108, msg_iodc:ir108), via EUMETView. view.eumetsat.intLive clouds over Europe, Africa and the Indian Ocean, every 15 minutes.
  3. Kelso, T.S. CelesTrak general perturbations (GP) element sets. celestrak.orgSatellite orbits, read live in the browser.
  4. Vallado, D.A., Crawford, P., Hujsak, R. & Kelso, T.S. (2006). Revisiting Spacetrack Report #3. AIAA 2006-6753. celestrak.orgThe SGP4 model that places each satellite.
  5. satellite.js (SGP4/SDP4 in JavaScript). github.comRuns SGP4 on this page.
  6. Schäfer, M. et al. (2014). Bringing up OpenSky: a large-scale ADS-B sensor network for research. IPSN 2014. OpenSky Network live state vectors. opensky-network.orgLive flights: a GitHub job takes a worldwide snapshot every few minutes and publishes it where the page can read it, since the service does not allow other websites.
  7. adsb.lol and adsb.fi community ADS-B feeds. adsb.lolAlternative live-flight sources.

Orbiters

The 🛰 Orbiters switch on the Moon, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Jupiter and Ceres (orbiters.json).

  1. Mission pages of NASA, ESA, JAXA, ISRO, KARI, CNSA and MBRSC: each orbiter’s periapsis, apoapsis and inclination. science.nasa.govThe orbits drawn around other worlds, to scale; the node’s orientation and the position along the orbit are illustrative, the period is worked out from the altitudes.

The night sky

The stars behind the globes and the Solar System, and the ✦ Sky lore figures. Each file keeps its own licence (sky/README.md).

  1. Nash, D. HYG star database v4.1 (Hipparcos, Yale Bright Star and Gliese catalogues combined). github.comThe 2,896 stars brighter than magnitude 5.5 and those the figures use (CC BY-SA 4.0).
  2. Stellarium sky cultures: Western (Stellarium team). github.comThe 88 Western constellation figures (CC BY-SA).
  3. Stellarium sky cultures: Norse (Jonas Persson). github.comThe Norse figures (CC BY-SA).
  4. Stellarium sky cultures: Ancient Egyptian (Karrie Berglund, Digitalis Education Solutions), after “A Map of the Ancient Egyptian Firmament”. github.comThe Ancient Egyptian figures (GNU GPL v2.0).
  5. Stellarium sky cultures: Navajo (Karrie Berglund, Digitalis Education Solutions), after Star Trails-Navajo. github.comThe Navajo figures (GNU GPL v2.0).
  6. Stellarium sky cultures: Blackfoot (Doina Bucur). github.comThe Blackfoot figures (CC BY-SA).

Craters and surface ages

The Craters switch on the Moon and Mars.

  1. Robbins, S.J. & Hynek, B.M. (2012). A new global database of Mars impact craters ≥1 km: 1. Database creation, properties, and parameters. J. Geophys. Res. 117, E05004. doi384,343 craters on Mars, read from the USGS Astrogeology OGC API (mars/robbinsv1).
  2. Robbins, S.J. (2019). A new global database of lunar impact craters >1–2 km: 1. Crater locations and sizes, comparisons with published databases, and global analysis. J. Geophys. Res. Planets 124, 871–892. doi1,296,796 lunar craters, from the USGS Moon Crater Database v1 Robbins.
  3. Povilaitis, R.Z. et al. (2018). Crater density differences: exploring regional resurfacing, secondary crater populations, and crater saturation equilibrium on the Moon. Planetary and Space Science 162, 41–51. doi22,746 lunar craters 5–20 km, read from the LROC shapefile attribute tables by the repo’s Fetch crater catalogs job.
  4. Michael, G.G. craterstats. github.comThe production and chronology function coefficients (BSD-3 licence).
  5. Neukum, G., Ivanov, B.A. & Hartmann, W.K. (2001). Cratering records in the inner solar system in relation to the lunar reference system. Space Science Reviews 96, 55–86. doiLunar production and chronology functions.
  6. Neukum, G. (1983). Meteoritenbombardement und Datierung planetarer Oberflächen. Habilitation thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.The older lunar production function, offered as an alternative.
  7. Ivanov, B.A. (2001). Mars/Moon cratering rate ratio estimates. Space Science Reviews 96, 87–104. doiThe Mars production function and the Ivanov chronology.
  8. Hartmann, W.K. & Neukum, G. (2001). Cratering chronology and the evolution of Mars. Space Science Reviews 96, 165–194. doiThe Mars chronology in the Neukum–Ivanov system.
  9. Michael, G.G., Kneissl, T. & Neesemann, A. (2016). Planetary surface dating from crater size-frequency distribution measurements: Poisson timing analysis. Icarus 277, 279–285. doiThe Poisson fit used for model ages.
  10. Gehrels, N. (1986). Confidence limits for small numbers of events in astrophysical data. Astrophysical Journal 303, 336–346. doiThe one-sigma limits on crater counts.

Mars through time and Mars minerals

The timeline, Ancient Mars, the northern ocean, the major impacts and the OMEGA mineral maps, from the Mars Planetary Modeling Atlas.

  1. Genova, A. et al. (2016). Seasonal and static gravity field of Mars from MGS, Mars Odyssey and MRO radio science. Icarus 272, 228–245. doiThe GMM-3 gravity model. Summed to spherical-harmonic degree 89 to make the areoid on the globe, the rover-site areoid heights, and every Ancient Mars view.
  2. Smith, D.E. et al. (2001). Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter: experiment summary after the first year of global mapping of Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 23689–23722.MOLA topography, as the MarsTopo719 spherical-harmonic model distributed with SHTools. It is the Topography surface map and the Elevation column: the model's radius minus the GMM-3 areoid, sampled every 0.25°. At its 15 km resolution it smooths narrow features such as Gale's floor, so for the four rovers with a walkable terrain patch the Elevation column uses the 128-pixel-per-degree MOLA MEGDR instead, which gives −2,571 m for Perseverance and −4,503 m for Curiosity against NASA's −2,570 m and −4,501 m. Also used to measure the Hellas ellipse's orientation and to test a topography-only Tharsis model, rejected because it explained only about 40% of Tharsis's gravity.
  3. Smith, D.E., Neumann, G.A. et al. (2003). Mars Global Surveyor Laser Altimeter Mission Experiment Gridded Data Record, MGS-M-MOLA-5-MEGDR-L3-V1.0. NASA Planetary Data System (Geosciences Node). pds-geosciences.wustl.eduThe 128 pixel-per-degree (about 460 m) topography under every Walk on Mars site: a patch 160–320 km across around each site, read directly from the megt*hb.img tiles. It gives −4,503 m at Curiosity's landing point and −2,571 m at Perseverance's, against NASA's recorded −4,501 m and −2,570 m.
  4. Konopliv, A.S. et al. (2016). An improved JPL Mars gravity field and orientation from Mars orbiter and lander tracking data. Icarus 274, 253–260.Mars's moment-of-inertia factor, 0.3644, which sets the rotational bulge (J2 = 1.820 × 10⁻³) that the Ancient Mars views are measured against.
  5. Stähler, S.C. et al. (2021). Seismic detection of the martian core. Science 373, 443–448.The InSight core radius, about 1,830 km, drawn to scale inside the globe.
  6. Wieczorek, M.A. & Meschede, M. (2018). SHTools: Tools for working with spherical harmonics. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 19, 2574–2592.The software used to expand the gravity and topography models, compute the areoid and remove the Tharsis, Hellas and Argyre mass.
  7. Wordsworth, R. et al. (2021). A coupled model of episodic warming, oxidation and geochemical transitions on early Mars. Nature Geoscience 14, 127–132. doiFig. 1a is the geologic timeline: every bar, era boundary and the dates for Tharsis, Hellas (4.16 Ga) and Argyre (3.98 Ga) on the globe and in Play the timeline. Bar positions were read off the figure to about ±0.03 Ga.
  8. Andrews-Hanna, J.C., Zuber, M.T. & Banerdt, W.B. (2008). The Borealis basin and the origin of the martian crustal dichotomy. Nature 453, 1212–1215. doiThe Borealis ellipse (10,600 × 8,500 km, 67° N 208° E, N76°E) and its two alternative fits; the Arabia Terra outer ring at 1.57 radii; Hellas's axes (2,414 × 1,820 km); and the case for removing Tharsis as a flexurally supported load in Ancient Mars.
  9. Melosh, H.J. (2008). Did an impact blast away half of the martian crust? Nature Geoscience 1, 412–414.The 4.4 Ga Borealis date, the impactor sizes and speeds in the Borealis impact energy calculator, and the binding-energy comparison it checks (1.6% for a 1,000 km rock at 10 km/s, against the paper's 1.5%).
  10. Bouley, S. et al. (2016). Late Tharsis formation and implications for early Mars. Nature 531, 344–347. doiThe published 20–25° true polar wander, shown as the second ancient spin-axis option. Numbers taken from the paper's press summary, as the paper itself is paywalled.
  11. Robbins, S.J., Hynek, B.M., Lillis, R.J. & Bottke, W.F. (2013). Large impact crater histories of Mars: the effect of different model crater age techniques. Icarus 225, 173–184. doiIsochron ages for Ladon, Prometheus, Hellas, Isidis and Argyre (Table 2 and §5.1) and Gale (§4.4); relative ages for Huygens, Antoniadi, Copernicus and Holden; Lyot's era. Each range spans the paper's Hartmann and Neukum ages.
  12. Bottke, W.F. & Andrews-Hanna, J.C. (2017). A post-accretionary lull in large impacts on early Mars. Nature Geoscience 10, 344–348, and Supplementary Information.Ladon basin's centre and size, and the 4.1–4.4 Ga window for Utopia.
  13. Frey, H.V. (2004). Impact constraints on the age and origin of the crustal dichotomy on Mars. Workshop on Hemispheres Apart, LPI Contribution 1213.The 4.04–4.20 Ga model age for the lowland basins, used for Utopia.
  14. IAU / USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. planetarynames.wr.usgs.govCentres and diameters of the named craters and basins, and the Tharsis Montes centre, read through the Wikipedia crater lists that reproduce it.
  15. Citron, R.I., Manga, M. & Hemingway, D.J. (2018). Timing of oceans on Mars from shoreline deformation. Nature 555, 643–646. doiThe Tharsis correction for the ocean and the shoreline ages.
  16. Carr, M.H. & Head, J.W. (2003). Oceans on Mars: an assessment of the observational evidence and possible fate. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 5042. doiThe Arabia and Deuteronilus contacts.
  17. Sholes, S.F., Dickeson, Z.I., Montgomery, D.R. & Catling, D.C. (2021). Where are Mars’ hypothesized ocean shorelines? Large lateral and topographic offsets between different versions of paleoshoreline maps. J. Geophys. Res. Planets 126, e2020JE006486. doiThe compiled shoreline points and their mean heights.
  18. Scheller, E.L., Ehlmann, B.L., Hu, R., Adams, D.J. & Yung, Y.L. (2021). Long-term drying of Mars by sequestration of ocean-scale volumes of water in the crust. Science 372, 56–62. doiWhen the ocean dries out on the timeline.
  19. Ody, A., Poulet, F., Langevin, Y. et al. (2012). Global maps of anhydrous minerals at the surface of Mars from OMEGA/MEx. J. Geophys. Res. 117, E00J14. doiThe Minerals layer: ferric oxides (BD530), dust (NNPHS), pyroxene (BD2000), olivine (OSP1) and near-infrared albedo (R1080).
  20. ESA Planetary Science Archive: Mars Express OMEGA global maps, MEX-M-OMEGA-5-DDR-GLOBAL-MAPS-V1.0. archives.esac.esa.intThe 40 pixel-per-degree map files, averaged to 1° cells in the Mars Planetary Modeling Atlas.

Software and design

  1. three.js r128 and its OrbitControls. threejs.orgAll the 3D drawing.
  2. Google MediaPipe Tasks Vision hand landmarker. ai.google.devHand control, run entirely in the browser.
  3. Google MediaPipe Tasks Vision face landmarker (iris points). ai.google.devHand control: the distance from the camera, the waist line and the safety box, from the gap between your pupils; run entirely in the browser.
  4. Winter, D.A. (2009). Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement, 4th ed., segment lengths as fractions of height (after Drillis & Contini).The safety box and waist line: shoulder, elbow and waist heights and forearm reach as shares of your height.
  5. The browser’s Web Speech API (speech recognition and speech synthesis). developer.mozilla.orgThe voice assistant: what you say turned into text, and its spoken replies.
  6. Instrument Sans and JetBrains Mono, via Google Fonts. fonts.google.comType.
  7. Built with Claude, an AI model by Anthropic. anthropic.comCode and data processing; not independently reviewed.

Each world’s maps and sites

The maps on every globe, from each world’s planet pack, with what each source is used for. Open a world to see its sources.

Mercury Planet · Free-air gravity, Geoid, Visible colour
  1. Konopliv et al. (2020), JGMESS_160A gravity, Icarus 335 (copy in tudat-resources) github.comThe Free-air gravity and Geoid maps, summed from the spherical-harmonic field on this page’s grid.
  2. Celestia Content: Mercury texture and normal map github.comThe Visible colour map on the globe.
Venus Planet · Free-air gravity, Geoid, Surface map
  1. Konopliv, Banerdt & Sjogren (1999), SHGJ180U gravity, Icarus 139 (copy in tudat-resources) github.comThe Free-air gravity and Geoid maps, summed from the spherical-harmonic field on this page’s grid.
  2. Celestia Content: Venus surface texture and normal map (CC-BY-3.0 or GPL, see repository) github.comThe Surface map on the globe.
  3. Lander coordinates: List of artificial objects on Venus en.wikipedia.orgThe positions of the 17 landing sites, on the globe and in the sites table.
Earth Planet · Topography, Gravity disturbance, Geoid, Visible colour, Visible colour with clouds, Night lights
  1. Amante & Eakins (2009), ETOPO1, via Fatiando a Terra earth-topography-10arcmin github.comThe Topography map and the globe’s relief, which every map is draped on.
  2. Förste et al. (2014), EIGEN-6C4 gravity, via Fatiando a Terra earth-gravity-10arcmin github.comThe Gravity disturbance map, summed from the spherical-harmonic field on this page’s grid.
  3. EIGEN-6C4 geoid via Fatiando a Terra earth-geoid-10arcmin github.comThe Geoid map.
  4. WGS84 normal gravity from Boule (Fatiando a Terra) fatiando.orgThe normal gravity of the WGS84 ellipsoid, subtracted from EIGEN-6C4 to make the Gravity disturbance map.
  5. Celestia Content: Earth colour, cloud and night textures (see repository for licence; derived from NASA Blue Marble Next Generation, the Mappamondo map and Natural Earth II) github.comThe Visible colour, Visible colour with clouds and Night lights maps, as prepared for Celestia.
  6. NASA Earth Observatory, Blue Marble and Night Lights earthobservatory.nasa.govThe NASA imagery behind the cloud cover and the night lights.
  7. Impact structures: List of impact structures on Earth (Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0), after the Earth Impact Database (Planetary and Space Science Centre, University of New Brunswick) en.wikipedia.org
Moon Moon of Earth · Topography, Free-air gravity, Bouguer gravity, Selenoid, Visible colour
  1. Wieczorek (2015), LOLA shape MoonTopo2600p, gridded by Fatiando a Terra github.comThe Topography map and the globe’s relief, which every map is draped on.
  2. Goossens et al. (2020), GRGM1200L, NASA PDS GRAIL LGRS SHADR pds-geosciences.wustl.eduThe Free-air gravity, Bouguer gravity and Selenoid maps, summed from the spherical-harmonic field on this page’s grid. Bouguer gravity also uses the topography.
  3. Lognonné, Gagnepain-Beyneix & Chenet (2003), moonquake epicentres, EPSL 211The Moonquakes and impacts points (Apollo seismic network).
  4. Tai Udovicic et al. (2023), MoonPIES polar crater listThe south-polar cold-trap craters.
  5. LRO Wide Angle Camera colour, NASA SVS CGI Moon Kit svs.gsfc.nasa.govThe Visible colour map on the globe (Imagery + relief uses it too).
  6. Landing coordinates: List of artificial objects on the Moon en.wikipedia.orgThe positions of the 41 landing sites, on the globe and in the sites table.
Mars Planet · Topography, Free-air gravity, Bouguer gravity, Areoid, Imagery
  1. Smith et al. (2001), MOLA, as gridded in the Mars Planetary Modeling AtlasThe Topography map and the globe’s relief, which every map is draped on.
  2. Genova et al. (2016), GMM-3 gravity field (SHTOOLS example file gmm3_120_sha.tab) github.comThe Free-air gravity, Bouguer gravity and Areoid maps, summed from the spherical-harmonic field on this page’s grid. Bouguer gravity also uses the topography.
  3. Wieczorek (2015), MarsTopo719 shape model (SHTOOLS) doiThe shape of Mars, used to take the pull of the topography out of the free-air gravity for the Bouguer gravity map.
  4. Viking MDIM colour mosaic, USGSThe Imagery map on the globe (Imagery + relief uses it too).
  5. Landing coordinates: List of artificial objects on Mars en.wikipedia.orgThe positions of the 16 landing sites, on the globe and in the sites table.
Phobos Moon of Mars · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, phobos.jpg (CC-BY-3.0) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Deimos Moon of Mars · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, deimos.jpg (CC0-1.0) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 2 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Jupiter Giant planet · Cloud tops
  1. Celestia Content, jupiter.jpg (CC-BY-3.0); shape from Celestia solarsys.ssc github.comThe Cloud tops map on the globe. Also the shape: the radius and the polar flattening.
  2. Entry points: NASA/JPL (Cassini, PIA21896) and the Galileo probe mission summary jpl.nasa.govWhere the probes entered the atmosphere, marked on the globe.
Io Moon of Jupiter · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, textures/hires/io.png (CC-BY-4.0): ItzImcool and AstroChara, from NASA/JPL/USGS Galileo and Juno data github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Europa Moon of Jupiter · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, textures/hires/europa.jpg (see repository): John van Vliet github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Ganymede Moon of Jupiter · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, textures/hires/ganymede.jpg (CC-BY-3.0): Askaniy Anpilogov, from NASA/JPL/USGS data github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Callisto Moon of Jupiter · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, textures/hires/callisto.jpg (see repository): Askaniy Anpilogov, after John van Vliet github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Saturn Giant planet · Cloud tops
  1. Celestia Content, saturn.jpg (CC-BY-3.0); shape from Celestia solarsys.ssc github.comThe Cloud tops map on the globe. Also the shape: the radius and the polar flattening.
  2. Entry points: NASA/JPL (Cassini, PIA21896) and the Galileo probe mission summary jpl.nasa.govWhere the probes entered the atmosphere, marked on the globe.
Mimas Moon of Saturn · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, mimas.jpg (see repository) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Enceladus Moon of Saturn · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, textures/hires/enceladus.jpg (see repository): from Paul Schenk’s Cassini colour maps github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Tethys Moon of Saturn · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, tethys.jpg (see repository) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Dione Moon of Saturn · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, dione.jpg (see repository) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Rhea Moon of Saturn · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, rhea.jpg (see repository) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Titan Moon of Saturn · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, textures/hires/titan.png (CC-BY-3.0): Askaniy Anpilogov, Pedro Garcia and AstroChara, from Cassini and Huygens data github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Hyperion Moon of Saturn · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, hyperion.jpg (CC-BY-4.0) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 5 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Iapetus Moon of Saturn · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, iapetus.jpg (see repository) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Uranus Giant planet · Cloud tops
  1. Celestia Content, uranus.jpg (CC-BY-NC-SA-3.0); shape from Celestia solarsys.ssc github.comThe Cloud tops map on the globe. Also the shape: the radius and the polar flattening.
  2. Entry points: NASA/JPL (Cassini, PIA21896) and the Galileo probe mission summary jpl.nasa.govThe giant planets’ probe entry sites; no probe has entered this world, so none is marked.
Miranda Moon of Uranus · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, miranda.jpg (CC-BY-SA-4.0) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Ariel Moon of Uranus · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, ariel.jpg (CC-BY-SA-4.0) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Umbriel Moon of Uranus · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, umbriel.jpg (CC-BY-SA-4.0) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 13 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Titania Moon of Uranus · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, titania.jpg (CC-BY-SA-4.0) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Oberon Moon of Uranus · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, oberon.jpg (CC-BY-SA-4.0) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 10 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Neptune Giant planet · Cloud tops
  1. Celestia Content, neptune.jpg (CC-BY-3.0); shape from Celestia solarsys.ssc github.comThe Cloud tops map on the globe. Also the shape: the radius and the polar flattening.
  2. Entry points: NASA/JPL (Cassini, PIA21896) and the Galileo probe mission summary jpl.nasa.govThe giant planets’ probe entry sites; no probe has entered this world, so none is marked.
Triton Moon of Neptune · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, textures/hires/triton.jpg (CC-BY-3.0): Askaniy Anpilogov, from Voyager 2 data (NASA/JPL/USGS) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Ceres Dwarf planet · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, textures/hires/ceres.jpg (see repository): NASA Dawn colour-filter maps, composited for Celestia github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Vesta Asteroid · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, textures/hires/vesta.jpg (see repository): NASA Dawn colour-filter maps, composited for Celestia github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Pluto Dwarf planet · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, textures/hires/pluto.jpg (CC-BY-NC-SA-3.0): Askaniy Anpilogov, from New Horizons data github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.
Charon Moon of Pluto · Colour map
  1. Celestia Content, charon.jpg (CC-BY-NC-SA-3.0) github.comThe Colour map on the globe.
  2. Feature names and positions: IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, via Celestia location files planetarynames.wr.usgs.govThe 14 feature names on the globe: IAU names at their official positions.